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Life cycle assessment (LCA)

A life cycle assessment (LCA) looks at a product's environmental impact across its whole life cycle: raw material extraction, production, transport, use and disposal. It is used to compare materials or designs against each other, considering things like energy use, CO2 emissions and recyclability.

raw materials→production→transport→use→disposal\text{raw materials} \to \text{production} \to \text{transport} \to \text{use} \to \text{disposal}the phases of a life cycle assessment

Example

A product can have low CO2 emissions in production but high emissions in the use phase if it consumes a lot of electricity — LCA captures both.

An assessment that only looks at the production phase can give a wrong conclusion about the total environmental footprint.
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← Material cost from volume and density

Part of Product Development: Design for X and production.